The Locus Index to Science Fiction: 2002

Cover Artists

McMILLION-NERING, DEBORAH

• * Sinister Romance by Mary Heaton Vorse (Ash-Tree Press, Mar,2002)
• * The Amazing Dreams of Andrew Latter by Harold Begbie (Ash-Tree Press, Apr,2002)

McPHEETERS, NEAL

• + Red by Jack Ketchum (Overlook Connection Press, May,2002)
• _ The Girl Next Door by Jack Ketchum (Overlook Connection Press, Aug,2002)

McQUARRIE, RALPH

• _ The Star Wars Trilogy ed. by Anon. (Ballantine Del Rey, Jul,2002)
• _ The Star Wars Trilogy ed. by Anon. (Time Warner UK/Orbit, Nov,2002)

MADSEN, JIM

• _ Mairelon the Magician by Patricia C. Wrede (Tor/Starscape, Apr,2002)
• _ The Magician’s Ward by Patricia C. Wrede (Tor/Starscape, Sep,2002)

MAGGANAS, CHRISTOS

• * The Healer’s Keep by Victoria Hanley (David Fickling Books, Sep,2002)

MAGRITTE, RENÉ (-François-Ghislain) (1898-1967)

• * Impossible Encounters by Zoran Zivkovic (Ministry of Whimsy Press/Polaris, 2000)

MAITZ, DON(ald) (1953- )

• _ Kingdoms of Light by Alan Dean Foster (Warner Aspect, Feb,2002)
• * Tale of Five: The Sword and the Dragon by Diane Duane (Meisha Merlin, Apr,2002)
• * Legends of the Pendragon ed. by James Lowder (Green Knight Publishing, Sep,2002)
• * Stealing the Elf-King’s Roses by Diane Duane (Warner Aspect, Nov,2002)
• _ The Mystic Rose by Stephen R. Lawhead (HarperCollins/Eos, Dec,2002)

MALONE, PETER

• _ The Astonishing Stereoscope by Jane Langton (HarperTrophy, Feb,2002)
• _ The Diamond in the Window by Jane Langton (HarperTrophy, Feb,2002)
• _ The Swing in the Summerhouse by Jane Langton (HarperTrophy, Feb,2002)
• _ The Time Bike by Jane Langton (HarperTrophy, Jun,2002)

MANCHESS, GREGORY

• _ Lion of Ireland by Morgan Llywelyn (Tor, Mar,2002)
• _ Finn Mac Cool by Morgan Llywelyn (Tor, May,2002)
• * Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang (Tor, Jul,2002)
• * The Alchemist’s Door by Lisa Goldstein (Tor, Aug,2002)
• _ A Hidden Place by Robert Charles Wilson (Tor/Orb, Sep,2002)
• * White Apples by Jonathan Carroll (Tor, Oct,2002)
• * The Hard SF Renaissance ed. by David G. Hartwell & Kathryn Cramer (Tor, Nov,2002)

MANZIERI, MAURIZIO

• F&SF Apr, 2002

MARCHAND, RICHARD

• The Third Alternative #32, 2002

MARCUS, BARRY

• * Sweep #8: Changeling by Cate Tiernan (Penguin/Puffin, Oct,2001)
• * Sweep #10: Seeker by Cate Tiernan (Penguin/Puffin, Mar,2002)
• * Sweep: Origins by Cate Tiernan (Penguin/Puffin, Apr,2002)
• * Sweep #12: Eclipse by Cate Tiernan (Penguin/Puffin, Jul,2002)
• * Sweep #13: Reckoning by Cate Tiernan (Penguin/Puffin, Aug,2002)
• * Sweep #14: Full Circle by Cate Tiernan (Penguin/Puffin, Oct,2002)
• _ Fingerprints 4: Secrets by Melinda Metz (Collins, Dec,2002)
• _ Fingerprints 5: Betrayed by Melinda Metz (Collins, Dec,2002)
• _ Fingerprints 6: Revelations by Melinda Metz (Collins, Dec,2002)

MARS, CHRIS

• * Guises by Charlee Jacob (Delirium Books, Jul,2002)

MARSH, GARY

• _ The Night World: Black Dawn by L. J. Smith (Hodder Children’s Books, May,2002)
• _ The Night World: Witchlight by L. J. Smith (Hodder Children’s Books, Jun,2002)

MARSH, JAMES

• _ Crystal Mask by Katherine Roberts (The Chicken House, Jul,2002)

MARTIN, DAVID (Lozell) (1946- )

• * In the Spirit by P. D. Cacek (Wormhole Books, May,2002)

MARTIN, RICHARD

• * Odyssey by Keith Laumer (Baen, Mar,2002)
• * Keith Laumer: The Lighter Side by Keith Laumer (Baen, May,2002)

MARTINIERE, STEPHAN

• _ The Free Lunch by Spider Robinson (Tor, Aug,2002)
• _ The American Zone by L. Neil Smith (Tor, Oct,2002)

MARTINIERE, STEPHEN

• _ Dark Light by Ken MacLeod (Tor, Jan,2003)

MASON, SUE

• * Once There Was a Magazine: A Personal View of Unknown and Unknown Worlds by Fred Smith (Beccon Publications, Jul,2002)
• * The Twenty Five Mile High Club by Ian McDonald (Birmingham Science Fiction Group, Nov,2002)

MATCHO, MARK

• * Sights by Susanna Vance (Random House/Dell Laurel-Leaf, Aug,2002)

MATTINGLY, DAVID B. (1956- )

• * The Shiva Option by David Weber & Steve White (Baen, Feb,2002)
• * Bolos Book 6: Cold Steel ed. by Bill Fawcett (Baen, Jul,2002)
• * Conrad’s Time Machine by Leo Frankowski (Baen, Sep,2002)
• * War of Honor by David Weber (Baen, Oct,2002)
• * Between the Strokes of Night by Charles Sheffield (Baen, Nov,2002)
• _ War of Honor by David Weber (SFBC, Nov,2002)

MATTOTTI, LORENZO (1954- ) (books)

• * Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde by Lorenzo Mattotti & Jerry Kramsky (NBM, Jan,2003)

MAURER, JOERG

• _ Patron of the Arts by William Rotsler (Pocket/ibooks, Dec,2002)

MAYORGA, GABRIEL

• * The Battle of the Sexes in Science Fiction by Justine Larbalestier (University Press of New England/Wesleyan, Jun,2002)

MEARS, TANIA

• * In the Shadows by Bradley H. Sinor (Yard Dog Press, Aug,2002)

MELLICK, CARLTON, III (stories)

• * The Less Fashionable Side of the Galaxy by M. F. Korn, D. F. Lewis & Hertzan Chimera (Eraserhead Press, Jan,2002)
• * Skimming the Gumbo Nuclear by M. F. Korn (Eraserhead Press, Jan,2002)

MENEHAN, DAVID PATRICK

• Artemis Spr, 2002

MENGES, JEFF A.

• _ At the Earth’s Core by Edgar Rice Burroughs (Dover, Jul,2001)

MERCEDES, FERNANDO

• _ The Dark Side of the Moon by William Corlett (Red Fox, Mar,2002)

MERINO, JOSÉ LUIS

• * One More for the Road by Ray Bradbury (HarperCollins/Morrow, Apr,2002)
• * Let’s All Kill Constance by Ray Bradbury (HarperCollins/Morrow, Jan,2003)

MICHAELS, MELISA C. (1946- )

• _ The Ballad of Billy Badass and the Rose of Turkestan by William Sanders (Wildside Press, Oct,2001)

MICHELANGELO

• * Black Gods and Scarlet Dreams by C. L. Moore (Orion/Gollancz, Jul,2002)

MILBERGER, MATT

• * World of Darkness: Lucifer’s Shadow ed. by Philippe Boulle (White Wolf, Dec,2002)

MILELI, PASCAL

• * Viaduct Child by Patrick Wood (Scholastic Press UK, Nov,2002)

MILLER, EDWARD; pseudonym of Les Edwards, (1949- )

• * Blood Follows by Steven Erikson (PS Publishing, Apr,2002)
• * The Darkest Part of the Woods by Ramsey Campbell (PS Publishing, Apr,2002)
• * A Year in the Linear City by Paul Di Filippo (PS Publishing, Apr,2002)
• _ The Haunting of Alaizabel Cray by Chris Wooding (Scholastic UK, May,2002)
• _ The Singing Sword by Jack Whyte (Tor/Forge, May,2002)
• _ Starlight 3 ed. by Patrick Nielsen Hayden (Tor, May,2002)
• * The Uglimen by Mark Morris (PS Publishing, May,2002)
• * Keep Out the Night ed. by Stephen Jones (PS Publishing, Oct,2002)
• _ The Eagles’ Brood by Jack Whyte (Tor/Forge, Nov,2002)
• * Frights and Fancies by R. Chetwynd-Hayes (Robert Hale, Nov,2002)
• * V.A.O. by Geoff Ryman (PS Publishing, Nov,2002)
• * The Tain by China Miéville (PS Publishing, Dec,2002)

MILLER, RITA

• _ Autumn World et al. by Joan Marie Verba, Tess Meara & Deborah K. Jones (FTL Publications, May,2002) (with Terry Miller)

MILLER, RONALD (books)

• _ Bronwyn: Palaces & Prisons by Ron Miller (Timberwolf Press, Sep,2001)
• Asimov’s Feb, 2002
• Asimov’s Mar, 2002
• * Soldier of the Legion by Marshall S. Thomas (Timberwolf Press, Jun,2002)
• _ Bronwyn: Book Two: Silk & Steel by Ron Miller (Timberwolf Press, Sep,2002)
• * Coyote by Allen Steele (Ace, Nov,2002)
• _ Coyote by Allen Steele (SFBC, Nov,2002)

MILLER, TERRY

• _ Autumn World et al. by Joan Marie Verba, Tess Meara & Deborah K. Jones (FTL Publications, May,2002) (with Rita Miller)

MINNION, KEITH

• * Heretics by Greg F. Gifune (Delirium Books, Aug,2001)
• * Down to Sleep by Greg F. Gifune (December Girl Press, 2002)
• The Edge, Tales of Suspense #12, 2002
• The Edge, Tales of Suspense #13, 2002
• The Edge, Tales of Suspense #14, 2002
• * A Halloween Harvest by Paul Melniczek (Flesh & Blood Press, Oct,2002)

MOJHER, MICHAEL

• _ The Diaries of Adam and Eve by Mark Twain (Fair Oaks Press, Mar,2002)

MOLL, CHARLES

• _ Audrey Rose by Frank De Felitta (Warner, Dec,2001) (with Tony Greco)
• _ For Love of Audrey Rose by Frank De Felitta (Warner, Jan,2002) (with Tony Greco)

MONETTE, DAVID

• Fantastic Stories of the Imagination #23, 2002

MOORE, CHRIS (1947- )

• _ 2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke (Little Brown/Orbit, Apr,2001)
• _ Chasm City by Alastair Reynolds (Orion/Gollancz, Jan,2002)
• _ Deepsix by Jack McDevitt (HarperCollins/Eos, Jan,2002)
• * Echoes of Earth by Sean Williams & Shane Dix (Ace, Jan,2002)
• * Altered Carbon by Richard Morgan (Orion/Gollancz, Feb,2002)
• _ Grass by Sheri S. Tepper (Orion/Gollancz, Feb,2002)
• + On by Adam Roberts (Sterling Publishing/Gollancz, Mar,2002)
• _ Only Forward by Michael Marshall Smith (Subterranean Press, Mar,2002)
• Rosebud #23, 2002
• * Area 51: Excalibur by Robert Doherty (Dell, Apr,2002)
• + Chasm City by Alastair Reynolds (Ace, Apr,2002)
• _ Chasm City by Alastair Reynolds (SFBC, May,2002)
• * Vinland the Dream and Other Stories by Kim Stanley Robinson (HarperCollins/Voyager, May,2002)
• _ On by Adam Roberts (Orion/Gollancz, Jun,2002)
• * Paper Tiger Fantasy Art Gallery ed. by Paul Barnett (Paper Tiger, Jun,2002) (with Jim Burns, David A. Hardy & Jael)
• * Redemption Ark by Alastair Reynolds (Orion/Gollancz, Jun,2002)
• _ Revelation Space by Alastair Reynolds (Ace, Jun,2002)
• * Drenai Tales Volume Two by David Gemmell (Time Warner UK/Orbit, Jul,2002)
• * Hidden Empire: The Saga of Seven Suns by Kevin J. Anderson (Simon & Schuster/Earthlight, Jul,2002)
• * Stone by Adam Roberts (Orion/Gollancz, Jul,2002)
• _ Revelation by Carol Berg (Time Warner UK/Orbit, Aug,2002)
• * New York Blues by Eric Brown (Orion/Gollancz, Sep,2002)
• * Light by M. John Harrison (Orion/Gollancz, Oct,2002)
• * Vagabond by Bernard Cornwell (HarperCollins UK, Oct,2002)
• * Quest for Tomorrow: Shadow Planet by William Shatner (HarperCollins/Eos, Nov,2002)
• + Vagabond by Bernard Cornwell (HarperCollins, Dec,2002)
• * White Bizango by Stephen Gallagher (PS Publishing, Dec,2002)
• _ Next of Kin by Eric Frank Russell (Sterling Publishing/Gollancz, Feb,2003)
• _ Tik-Tok by John Sladek (Sterling Publishing/Gollancz, Feb,2003)

MORGAN-SCOTT, JULIA

• * The 2002 Rhysling Anthology ed. by Anon. (Science Fiction Poetry Association, Jun,2002)

MORRILL, ROWENA (1944- ) (books)

• _ The Art of Rowena by Rowena Morrill (Paper Tiger, Sep,2002)
• _ The Art of Rowena by Rowena Morrill & Doris Vallejo (Sterling Publishing/Paper Tiger, Dec,2002)

MORRIS, HARRY O.

• * Phantoms of Venice ed. by David Sutton (Shadow Publishing, Dec,2001)

MORRISSEY, DEAN (books)

• * A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, Stephen Krensky & Dean Morrissey (HarperCollins, Oct,2001)
• * The Winter King by Dean Morrissey & Stephen Krensky (HarperCollins, Jan,2002)

MOUNTFORT, RICK

• The New Adventures of Frankenstein #6, 2002
• The New Adventures of Frankenstein #7, 2002

MUGNAINI, JOSEPH

• * Bradbury: An Illustrated Life: A Journey to Far Metaphor by Jerry Weist (HarperCollins/Morrow, Oct,2002)

MULLER, JOHANN SEBASTIAN

• _ Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift (Penguin Classics, Sep,2001)

MULLINS, TIM (stories)

• Mythic Delirium #6, 2002
• Mythic Delirium #7, 2002

MURDOCK, M(elinda) S(eabrooke) (1947- ) (books)

• * Timegate by W. L. Hesse (iUniverse.com/Writer’s Showcase, Apr,2002)
• * Grimoire de Solace, Vol. 1: Lost Runes and Sorrow ed. by Christopher Heath (iUniverse.com/Writers Club Press, May,2002)
• * A Sea of Troubles by M. S. Murdock (iUniverse.com/Writers Club Press, May,2002)

MURPHY, KEVIN (books)

• _ Lord of the Isles by David Drake (Tor, Aug,2002)
• _ The Parafaith War by L. E. Modesitt, Jr. (Tor, Oct,2002)

MURRAY, JAIME

• _ His Father’s Son by Nigel Bennett & P. N. Elrod (Baen, Apr,2002)

MURRAY, PAULA

• * The Magic Flute by Keith D. Jones (Keith D. Jones, 1999) (with Keith E. Jones)

MYERS, DUANE O.

• * The Peshawar Lancers by S. M. Stirling (Penguin/Roc, Jan,2002)
• _ The Peshawar Lancers by S. M. Stirling (SFBC, Jan,2002)
• _ Once Upon a Winter’s Night by Dennis L. McKiernan (Penguin/Roc, Jul,2002)
• * Shadows and Light by Anne Bishop (Penguin/Roc, Oct,2002)
• * Doom’s Break by Christopher Rowley (Penguin/Roc, Dec,2002)

NASMITH, TED

• _ The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien (Ballantine Del Rey, Oct,2002)
• _ The Complete Tolkien Companion by J. E. A. Tyler (Macmillan/Pan, Nov,2002)
• _ The Return of the King by J. R. R. Tolkien (Ballantine Del Rey, Nov,2002)

NATALE, VINCENT

• _ Jumper by Steven Gould (Tor/Starscape, Feb,2002)
• * The Sky So Big and Black by John Barnes (Tor, Aug,2002)
• * School for Sorcery by E. Rose Sabin (Tor, Sep,2002)
• * A Coldness in the Blood by Fred Saberhagen (Tor, Oct,2002)

NEILL, JOHN R.

• _ The Emerald City of Oz by L. Frank Baum (Ann Arbor Media Group/Mundus, Jan,2002)
• _ Glinda of Oz by L. Frank Baum (Ann Arbor Media Group/Mundus, Jan,2002)
• _ The Lost Princess of Oz by L. Frank Baum (Ann Arbor Media Group/Mundus, Jan,2002)
• _ Sky Island by L. Frank Baum (Dover, Nov,2002)

NELSON, JAMES

• _ October Dreams: A Celebration of Halloween ed. by Richard Chizmar & Robert Morrish (Penguin/Roc, Sep,2002)

NELSON, JENNIFER

• _ Cirque Du Freak: A Living Nightmare by Darren Shan (Little Brown, Jun,2002)

NELSON, MARK A.

• * For a Few Stories More by Joe R. Lansdale (Subterranean Press, Feb,2002)

NENOV, VLADIMIR

• _ Conan and the Spider God by L. Sprague de Camp (Tor, Feb,2002)
• _ Conan: Sword of Skelos by Andrew Offutt (Tor, Feb,2002)
• _ Conan the Swordsman by L. Sprague de Camp, Lin Carter & Bjorn Nyberg (Tor, Dec,2002)

NEWBOLD, GREG

• _ Jack Black & the Ship of Thieves by Carol Hughes (Random House, Sep,2001)
• _ The Ogre Downstairs by Diana Wynne Jones (HarperTrophy/Greenwillow, Feb,2002)
• _ Dogland by Will Shetterly (Tor/Starscape, Apr,2002)
• * Song of the Lioness by Tamora Pierce (SFBC, Dec,2002)

NGUYEN, ANH

• * Cape Wrath by Paul Finch (Telos, Oct,2002)
• _ The Manitou by Graham Masterton (Telos, Oct,2002)

NGUYEN, HOANG

• * Wilding Nights by Lee Killough (Meisha Merlin, May,2002)

NICHOLLS, CALVIN

• * The World Before This One by Rafe Martin (Scholastic/Levine, Nov,2002)

NIELSEN, CLIFF

• * Straw into Gold by Gary D. Schmidt (Houghton Mifflin/Clarion, Apr,2001)
• _ The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis (Collins, Oct,2001)
• _ Clementine by Sophie Masson (Hodder Silver, Dec,2001)
• _ Buffy, the Vampire Slayer: The Book of Fours by Nancy Holder (Pocket, Jan,2002)
• * Circle of Three 13: And It Harm None by Isobel Bird (HarperCollins/Avon, Jan,2002)
• * City of Shadows by Celia Rees (Hodder Silver, Jan,2002)
• * Circle of Three 14: The Challenge Box by Isobel Bird (HarperCollins/Avon, Feb,2002)
• _ Dancing with an Alien by Mary Logue (HarperTempest, Feb,2002)
• * Snowfall by Mitchell Smith (Tor/Forge, Feb,2002)
• * Timeless Love by Judith O’Brien (Simon Pulse, Feb,2002)
• * A Trip in Time by Celia Rees (Hodder Silver, Feb,2002)
• * Circle of Three 15: Initiation by Isobel Bird (HarperCollins/Avon, Mar,2002)
• _ The Horse and His Boy by C. S. Lewis (HarperTrophy, Mar,2002)
• * The Host Rides Out by Celia Rees (Hodder Silver, Mar,2002)
• _ The Last Battle by C. S. Lewis (HarperTrophy, Mar,2002)
• _ The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C. S. Lewis (HarperTrophy, Mar,2002)
• _ The Magician’s Nephew by C. S. Lewis (HarperTrophy, Mar,2002)
• _ Prince Caspian by C. S. Lewis (HarperTrophy, Mar,2002)
• _ The Silver Chair by C. S. Lewis (HarperTrophy, Mar,2002)
• _ The Voyage of the Dawn Treader by C. S. Lewis (HarperTrophy, Mar,2002)
• * Midnight Predator by Amelia Atwater-Rhodes (Random House/Delacorte, May,2002)
• _ Turnabout by Margaret Peterson Haddix (Simon & Schuster/Aladdin, May,2002)
• * Among the Betrayed by Margaret Peterson Haddix (Simon & Schuster, Jun,2002)
• _ Primal Shadows by Alan Dean Foster (Tor, Jun,2002)
• * The Shattered Sky by Neal Shusterman (Tor, Jun,2002)
• _ The Horse and His Boy by C. S. Lewis (Collins, Jul,2002)
• _ The Last Battle by C. S. Lewis (Collins, Jul,2002)
• _ The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C. S. Lewis (Collins, Jul,2002)
• _ The Magician’s Nephew by C. S. Lewis (Collins, Jul,2002)
• _ Prince Caspian by C. S. Lewis (Collins, Jul,2002)
• _ The Silver Chair by C. S. Lewis (Collins, Jul,2002)
• _ The Voyage of the Dawn Treader by C. S. Lewis (Collins, Jul,2002)
• _ The Wizard’s Dilemma by Diane Duane (Harcourt/Magic Carpet, Aug,2002)
• _ Companions of the Night by Vivian Vande Velde (Harcourt/Magic Carpet, Sep,2002)
• _ The Dreaming Place by Charles de Lint (Penguin/Firebird, Sep,2002)
• _ I Am Morgan le Fay by Nancy Springer (Penguin/Firebird, Sep,2002)
• _ The Riddle of the Wren by Charles de Lint (Penguin/Firebird, Sep,2002)
• _ Vampires ed. by Jane Yolen & Martin H. Greenberg (HarperTrophy, Sep,2002)
• _ Among the Imposters by Margaret Peterson Haddix (Simon & Schuster/Aladdin, Oct,2002)
• _ Carabas by Sophie Masson (Hodder Silver, Oct,2002)
• * Heir Apparent by Vivian Vande Velde (Harcourt, Oct,2002)
• * Parasite Pig by William Sleator (Penguin/Dutton, Oct,2002)
• * Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: Mission: Gamma Book Four: Lesser Evil by Robert Simpson (Pocket, Oct,2002)
• * Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: Mission: Gamma Book Three: Cathedral by Michael A. Martin & Andy Mangels (Pocket, Oct,2002)
• * Star Wars: The New Jedi Order: Destiny’s Way by Walter Jon Williams (Ballantine Del Rey LucasBooks, Oct,2002)
• * Star Wars: The New Jedi Order: Destiny’s Way by Walter Jon Williams (Random House UK/Century/LucasBooks, Oct,2002)
• _ Star Wars: The New Jedi Order: Star by Star by Troy Denning (Ballantine Del Rey LucasBooks, Oct,2002)
• * A Wizard Alone by Diane Duane (Harcourt, Oct,2002)
• * The Apocalypse Door by James D. Macdonald (Tor, Nov,2002)
• * City of the Beasts by Isabel Allende (HarperCollins, Nov,2002)
• * Star Trek Voyager: The Nanotech War by Steven Piziks (Pocket, Nov,2002)
• _ Star Wars: The New Jedi Order: Destiny’s Way by Walter Jon Williams (SFBC, Nov,2002)
• _ A Wizard Alone by Diane Duane (SFBC, Dec,2002)

NIELSEN, TERESE

• * Star Wars: The New Jedi Order: Rebel Dream by Aaron Allston (Ballantine Del Rey LucasBooks, Apr,2002)
• * Forgotten Realms: Heirs of Prophecy by Lisa Smedman (Wizards of the Coast, Jun,2002)
• * Star Wars: The New Jedi Order: Enemy Lines by Aaron Allston (SFBC, Jul,2002)
• _ The Shadows of God by J. Gregory Keyes (Ballantine Del Rey, Oct,2002)
• * Forgotten Realms: Sands of the Soul by Voronica Whitney-Robinson (Wizards of the Coast, Nov,2002)

NIELSON, CLIFF

• + Cirque Du Freak: Vampire Mountain by Darren Shan (Little Brown, Sep,2002)

NISHINAKA, JEFF

• _ Nekropolis by Maureen F. McHugh (HarperCollins/Eos, Nov,2002)